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Passive Components

Resistors
Limit current flow in a circuit by providing resistance.

Capacitors
Store and release electrical energy, smoothing signals or filtering noise.

Inductors
Store energy in a magnetic field when current flows through them.

Transformers
Change voltage levels in AC circuits through electromagnetic induction.

Fuses
Protect circuits by breaking the connection when excessive current flows.

Thermistors
Resistors whose resistance varies with temperature.

Varistors
Variable resistors that protect against voltage spikes.

Diodes
Allow current to flow in one direction, used for rectification
Active Components

Transistors
Semiconductor devices used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.

Integrated Circuits (ICs)
A collection of multiple electronic components, including transistors, resistors, and capacitors, all combined into a single chip.

Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps)
High-gain voltage amplifiers with differential inputs and typically a single output. They are widely used in analog signal processing.

Diodes
Diodes are semiconductor devices that allow current to flow in one direction only.

Thyristors
A type of semiconductor device with four layers of material, capable of controlling current flow. Once triggered, they remain on until the current is interrupted.

Varistors
Voltage-dependent resistors that change their resistance according to the applied voltage.

Junction Field-Effect Transistors (JFETs)
A type of field-effect transistor that uses a reverse-biased p-n junction to control the flow of current.

Photoresistors (LDRs - Light Dependent Resistors)
Resistors that change their resistance based on the amount of light hitting them. They rely on the principle of photoconductivity.

Thyristors
A type of semiconductor device with four layers of material, capable of controlling current flow. Once triggered, they remain on until the current is interrupted

Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs)
A type of thyristor that can control the flow of current in both directions when triggered by a small current.
Electromechanical Components

Switches
Devices that open or close a circuit, controlling the flow of electricity.

Relays
Electrically controlled switches used for automation or high-voltage switching.

Connectors
Join two or more electrical circuits together, allowing current to flow between them.

Potentiometers
Adjustable resistors used to control voltage or current flow in a circuit.

Sensors
Detect physical phenomena (e.g., light, temperature) and convert them into electrical signals.

Motors
Convert electrical energy into mechanical movement.

Buzzers/Speakers
Convert electrical signals into sound output.